{"_id":"69aaf8dd228faeb8895d639d","title":"{\"ops\":[{\"insert\":\"Is it permissible to sell food to non-Muslims during Ramadan fasting hours?\\n\"}]}","question":"{\"ops\":[{\"insert\":\"Regarding the discussion in uṣūl al-fiqh that non-Muslims are addressed by the subsidiary rulings of the Sharīʿah (kuffār mukhāṭabūn bi-furūʿ al-sharīʿa), does this mean that during Ramadan I should not sell food, such as pizza, to non-Muslims? And what about selling to Muslims who may have valid excuses for not fasting?\\n\"}]}","answer":"{\"ops\":[{\"insert\":\"There are three main positions on this matter:\\n\\nNon-Muslims are addressed by all the subsidiary rulings, both commands and prohibitions, but with the condition that accepting faith comes first, just as a person in a state of ritual impurity is obligated to pray but must first purify themselves. This is the position of the Shafi'is, Hanbalis, Malikis, and the Iraqi Hanafis. The evidence includes the Quranic verse where the people of Hell are asked why they entered it, and they answer that they did not pray, indicating they were held accountable for abandoning prayer.\"},{\"attributes\":{\"list\":\"ordered\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\"Non-Muslims are not addressed by the subsidiary rulings at all, on the basis that worship cannot be validly performed in a state of disbelief, so it makes no sense to command someone to do something they are incapable of validly performing. This is the position of the Hanafis of Bukhara and some others.\"},{\"attributes\":{\"list\":\"ordered\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\"Non-Muslims are addressed by the prohibitions only, not the commands; because refraining from something is possible regardless of one's faith, whereas performing an act of worship requires the intention of drawing near to God, which is impossible without knowing Him.\"},{\"attributes\":{\"list\":\"ordered\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\"\\nSome scholars who hold the first position have stated that it is forbidden to sell food to non-Muslims during Ramadan if one knows or reasonably believes they will consume it during fasting hours.\\n\\nAs for selling to those who are legitimately excused from fasting, whether Muslim or non-Muslim, this would not be prohibited, according to both opinions.\\n\\nThis is ultimately a matter of scholarly disagreement, and one may follow the opinion best suited to their circumstances.\\n\"}]}","tags":[{"_id":"668d9ff00b76658b4c2329a9","tag":"Contemporary Life: Jobs and Career","count":120},{"_id":"668d9fde0b76658b4c232774","tag":"Fasting: Ramadan","count":97},{"_id":"668d9fe30b76658b4c23280f","tag":"Relationships: Non-Muslims","count":95},{"_id":"6939a5f3c40f30cda4bfc597","tag":"Food: Restaurants","count":2}],"createdOn":"2026-03-06T15:55:09.283Z"}